Engelmann, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 3: 301, 1856/1857

Lectotype; Isotype; Herbarium; Herbarium; Herbarium; Herbarium

Original Citation

What is Opuntia arenaria?

O. arenaria is a small prickly pear that occurs in the greater El Paso region from adjacent New Mexico to near McNary, Texas, in sandy or silty soils where they form low, creeping cactus mats often 0.5-2 m in diameter. It may be 15-30 cm tall. It has a broader distribution in Mexico. It is described as a variety of O. polyacantha in the Flora of North America (Pinkava) and by Powell and Weedin (2004). However, we regard this cactus as a stand-alone species of prickly pear.

See GenBank locus JF787339.1.

The Details

From Powell and Weedin (O. polyacantha var arenaria):

Often some branches of this Opuntia are buried by shifting soil and these have been interpreted by some to be rhizomes. The pads are small and narrow, 4-7(-10) cm long and 2-3(-5) cm wide and 2-3 cm thick. This Opuntia produces spines in all but the lowermost areoles, but the spines do not cover the glaucous or light green stem segments. Areoles may have 5-10 spines with one much longer than the others. The largest and flattest pads of O. arenaria may resemble the pads of O. polyacantha in the overall aspect, but they are always smaller.

The yellow flowers of this prickly pear are 4-6.4 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. The filaments are white or pale tinged with pink, anthers are 1.5 mm long and yellow. The style is white or pale green, 1.2 to 2 cm long. The stigma lobes are about 2 mm long and green. The pericarp is slender, perhaps 2 or 3 times as long as thick.

The fruits are reddish and then tan and dry at maturity in this Opuntia. Fruit areoles may have 3-6 spines that are 6-9 mm long. The fruit is narrowly obovate-obconic, constricted below the apex, 2.5-3 cm long, and 0.9-1.2 cm in diameter. The umbilicus is deep. Seeds are tan and shiny, irregularly discoid, and large—up to 6.5 mm in diameter. They have a 1-2 mm margin.

O. arenaria is diploid.

Other Notes

This prickly pear species is closely related to other dry-fruited Opuntia species; however, its low chromosome number and morphological stability support its recognition as a distinct and well-defined species. Opuntia arenaria can be differentiated from the larger varieties of Opuntia polyacantha by several key features: the cladodes of O. polyacantha are typically greater than 5 cm across, and some individuals exhibit pink, red, or magenta flower pigmentation, which is absent in O. arenaria. Cytogenetically, O. polyacantha is tetraploid (2n = 44), while O. arenaria is diploid (2n = 22). These two species are not known to occur sympatrically.