Opuntia alta, Texas plains prickly pear cactus

Griffiths, Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden 21: 165, 1910

Holotype; Holotype; Isotype; Herbarium; Painting (Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 21: 165, 1910, Plate 19)

O. cacanapa is another arborescent Opuntia

Original citation

What is Opuntia alta?

Opuntia alta is a large arborescent prickly pear cactus. Some ancient plants grow 3 to 4 m tall. It forms a prickly pear tree that typically has one main trunk that can be as much as 0.5 m across in large specimens.

Details

The cladodes are generally of uniform shape on this prickly pear and may be subcircular or ovate to obovate but seldom elongate. Spines are yellow and 1 to 1.5 cm long. This Opuntia is found in South Texas along the Rio Grand River and in parts of the adjacent South Texas Plains.

This prickly pear has lemon-yellow flowers that are smaller than those of O. lindheimeri. Sometimes the flowers are greenish-yellow or pale. Fruit is smallish and often numerous.

O. alta is diploid.

Other Notes

Britton and Rose reported O. alta is one of the tallest, if not the tallest, Opuntia species in the United States. Very large plants of O. lindheimeri could conceivably be misidentified as short, sprawling forms of O. alta. However, O. alta forms a distinct trunk and mature plants are much taller than O. lindheimeri. Also, O. alta may have yellow-green or pale-green stigmas, whereas O. lindheimeri flowers have decidedly green stigmas. Moreover, the fruits of this large prickly pear are smaller than those of O. lindheimeri and are often spherical or egg-shaped. Unlike O. lindheimeri, the cladodes of O. alta have prominent areoles. O. alta does not naturally occur in central, eastern, or western TX and would not be confused with O. lindheimeri in those areas.

One O. alta plant grown from material collected near Laredo, TX survived for several years outdoors in a protected situation at the Rio Grande Botanic Garden in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It suffered damage each winter–but it survived for over half a dozen years. Thus, with some protection, this Opuntia can survive substantial cold. O. alta might be unsuitable as a plant for many gardens due to its large size. However, small specimens may be grown for years with appropriate pruning. The flowers and fruits are plentiful; flowers are not large.